Flash: Virtually all beginners start with their flashgun at an angle of 45 degrees above and to the left of the camera. Try moving the strobe around. Front lighting simulates a sunlight scene. Top light - as used here - creates good contrast and an added sparkle, particularly with light-coloured subjects. Also, try side and backlighting. Try lighting wide-angle shots with a single gun aimed downwards at an angle of 45 degrees, from in front of and above the camera. When framing a vertical photograph, make a conscious effort to keep the flash out of the top portion of the picture, and light as before with the flash above and slightly in front of the camera at a downwards angle of 45 degrees.

Composition: Think about the composition of your shots. Introducing a diagonal line is dynamic and takes you into the picture. The law of thirds is one of the most basic rules of composition. Mentally divide your picture area into thirds and place the main action or focal point at one of the points where the thirds divide. It gives a feeling a balance and harmony. You can add a feeling of depth to your pictures by introducing a feeling of perspective, or introduce a sense of distance and scale by repeating a large foreground object or figure in smaller versions which are more distant. The composition of this cave shot is deliberate, with the diagonal rays of sunlight.

Peak of the action: Seizing the moment when the action reaches its peak is a skill usually associated with sport and fashion photography. But there is often a moment when the action looks particularly dramatic, such as the instant a moray strikes. This picture is a classic. Clownfish are one of the most photographed fish in the Red Sea; but have you ever seen a picture like this, when the fish has its mouth open? For 30 minutes Edge remained motionless, waiting for the fish to elongate its jaws for a second time. Eventually, persistence paid off and he secured this striking shot.